Dynamics
…refer to the volume of the music, typically dynamic markings will be indicated by a symbol or an Italian term. Dynamics can be changed with the intensity of the playing, ensemble size, etc.
Expressive Devices
…are used to help musicians communicate meaning and emotion in performance. These can include articulation, ornamentation, stylistic markings and tempo indications, instrumental and vocal techniques, and electronic manipulation.
Dynamics
Musicians use dynamics to create contrast in music and to evoke emotional responses from their audience. Oftentimes, composers will use soft dynamic markings when they want to elicit tender, sweet, sad emotions - Contrastingly, composers will use loud dynamics to convey anger or excitement. This might not always be the case though! Remember, context is everything!
Dynamics can lie anywhere on the spectrum of volume between very, very soft and very, very loud. In Western music, dynamics are often indicated with an Italian term or a symbol.
Check out the spectrum of dynamics below!
Edvard Grieg's work In the Hall of the Mountain King is a great example to show students when discussing dynamics, as Grieg has used the whole spectrum in one work!
This piece begins at pp, crescendos throughout and ends with a climactic ff, creating a sense of anticipation and tension for the listener.
Expressive Devices